Associate Safety Professional Practice Exam

According to McGregor's theories, what does Theory X assume about workers?

1. Workers are motivated by incentives

2. Workers enjoy taking initiative

3. Workers are essentially uninterested and unmotivated to work

4. Workers thrive under a collaborative environment

The correct answer is: Workers are essentially uninterested and unmotivated to work

Theory X posits a rather pessimistic view of human motivation in the workplace. It assumes that workers are inherently uninterested in their work and require close supervision and control to be productive. This perspective suggests that employees are inherently lazy and will avoid responsibility unless compelled to do otherwise. Therefore, according to Theory X, management's role is to enforce strict rules and expectations to ensure tasks are completed. In contrast, Theory Y, which is the opposite of Theory X, believes that workers are self-motivated and thrive when given responsibility and the opportunity to take initiative. This difference highlights the fundamental beliefs about human nature and motivation that can influence management styles and organizational culture. Understanding Theory X is crucial for safety professionals, as it shapes how workplace safety and employee engagement initiatives may be approached.