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Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) is used primarily for:

  1. Predicting environmental impact

  2. Identifying potential hazards early in planning

  3. Determining financial risks of operations

  4. Evaluating equipment efficacy

The correct answer is: Identifying potential hazards early in planning

Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) is a systematic approach utilized in the early stages of a project to identify and assess potential hazards that could pose risks to safety and health. By conducting a PHA at this initial phase of planning, stakeholders can proactively recognize potential risks before they evolve into more significant issues. This forward-thinking method allows for the integration of safety controls and risk mitigation strategies into the design or operation of a project, ultimately aiming to prevent accidents or injuries from occurring. While predicting environmental impact, determining financial risks, and evaluating equipment efficacy are essential aspects of a comprehensive safety program, they do not directly align with the primary objective of a preliminary hazard analysis. The essence of PHA is centered on the identification of hazards at the onset to facilitate safe planning, making it a critical tool in promoting safety and reducing risks in various industries.