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What is the primary function of a gas chromatograph?

  1. To measure temperature changes

  2. To analyze a gaseous mixture

  3. To visualize radiation patterns

  4. To assess light intensity

The correct answer is: To analyze a gaseous mixture

A gas chromatograph is an analytical instrument primarily used for separating and analyzing compounds that can vaporize without decomposition. Its main function is to analyze a gaseous mixture by passing it through a column that separates the various components based on their different volatility and interaction with the stationary phase within the column. This separation allows for the identification and quantification of the individual substances present in the mixture, making it an essential tool in fields such as environmental monitoring, food safety, and chemical analysis. The choice focusing on measuring temperature changes pertains to thermometric methods rather than chromatographic techniques. Viewing radiation patterns is related to spectroscopy or imaging technologies, not gas chromatography. Lastly, assessing light intensity is associated with photometry or optical analysis, but it does not apply to the functional capabilities of a gas chromatograph. Each of these incorrect options pertains to different scientific techniques that do not align with the primary use of gas chromatography.